London Decoded: The stories behind the capital’s oldest neighbourhoods

London’s neighbourhoods wear their histories in plain sight – if you know where to look

Words by Daniel Pembrey

Hampstead Heath: why this land was never tamed

Hampstead was once a realm of wolves and other wild animals. Henry VIII claimed the area’s local estates, issuing a proclamation in 1545 that reserved all hare, partridge, pheasant and heron in the locale for himself. Poachers risked being “punished at His Majesty’s will and pleasure”.

Lordship of the manor passed by inheritance to Sir Thomas Maryon Wilson (1800-69), who sought private acts of parliament to let him build. In 1844, he drew up plans for luxury villas along a meandering lane from Jack Straw’s Castle (north of the village; formerly a pub) to Downshire Hill (named after Wills Hill, Marquess of Downshire – a popular public figure).

Among Wilson’s many opponents were the Mansfields, owners of Kenwood House, where the Humphry Repton-designed grounds offered fabulous views. Hampstead is an outlier among Prime Central London hotspots because key landowners prevented development. Today, it’s home to a galaxy of stars from the worlds of TV, comedy and film, perhaps for this very reason: the sense of anonymity and freedom that comes from living by one of the capital’s most wide-reaching and open spaces.

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